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Aryan Kumar

Aryan Kumar

06-Oct-2023

Controlled and uncontrolled components in React forms are two different approaches for managing form input fields and their state. They have distinct characteristics and use cases, and understanding the difference is essential when working with forms in React.

Controlled Components:

State Management: In controlled components, the component's state (usually within the component's state or using a state management library like Redux) controls the value of the form input fields.

Data Flow: The value of the input fields is bound to the component's state, so any change in the input field triggers a state update, which then causes the component to re-render with the updated value.

Example:

class ControlledForm extends React.Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.state = {
      inputValue: '',
    };
  }

  handleChange = (event) => {
    this.setState({ inputValue: event.target.value });
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <input
        type="text"
        value={this.state.inputValue}
        onChange={this.handleChange}
      />
    );
  }
}

Advantages:

  • Full control over the input value and its behavior.
  • Enables validation, conditional rendering, and other custom logic based on the input value.

Disadvantages:

  • More code is required to manage the state and events.
  • Slower updates as the entire component re-renders on each input change.

Uncontrolled Components:

State Management: In uncontrolled components, the form input fields maintain their state internally, without being directly controlled by React's state.

Data Flow: React doesn't directly manage or update the input field's value. Instead, you rely on references (refs) to access the field's value when needed.

Example:

class UncontrolledForm extends React.Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
  }

  handleSubmit = (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    console.log(this.inputRef.value);
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <input type="text" ref={(input) => (this.inputRef = input)} />
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
      </form>
    );
  }
}

Advantages:

  • Simpler and less verbose code for basic forms.
  • Faster updates as React doesn't need to re-render on every input change.

Disadvantages:

  • Limited control and access to the input field's value, which can be challenging for advanced features like validation and conditional rendering.
  • Can make it harder to test and debug because the input value is not directly accessible through React state.

Which to Choose:

Use controlled components when you need fine-grained control over the form input and when you want to manage and validate the input value extensively.

Use uncontrolled components when you need a simpler approach for basic forms, and you don't require extensive control over the input value.

In many cases, you may find yourself using a combination of both controlled and uncontrolled components within the same form, depending on the complexity of the form and the specific requirements of each input field.

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